String in C Programming

What is string?

String is a collection of symbols. String is a set of symbols. String is also called set of characters.

We can use alphabets,digits and special characters in string.
Alphabets:- A, B, ….., Y, Z a, b, ……, y, z Digits :- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Special symbols :- ~ ‘ ! @ # % ^ & * ( ) _ - + = | \ { } [ ] : ; " ' < > , . ? /

String Without Size

\0 represents NULL.

"string.h" header file include in your program.

%s placeholder is used to print value of string.

Syntax

char variableName[ ] ={'symbol-1', 'symbol-2',........,'\0'};

example:
char str[ ] = {'c', 'o', 'm', 's', 'y', 's', 'a', 'p','p', '.', 'c', 'o', 'm', '\0'};

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){ 
 char str[]={'c','o','m','s','y','s','a','p','p','.','c','o','m','\0'}; 
 clrscr(); 
  printf("string value is: %s",str); 
 getch(); 
}

See Output

String With Size

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){ 
 char str[50]={'c','o','m','s','y','s','a','p','p','.','c','o','m','\0'};
 clrscr();
  printf("string value is: %s",str);
 getch();
}

See Output

Print Every Character Of String

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){ 
int i; 
 char str[50]={'c','o','m','s','y','s','a','p','p','.','c','o','m','\0'}; 
 clrscr();
 for(i=0;i<=12;i++){ 
  printf("\n str[%d] = %c",i,str[i]); 
 }
 getch();
}

See Output

First way of string variable declaration

If a value is given in double quotes ("") it is called string.

Syntax

char variableName[size] = value;

example:
char str[size] = "HELLO WORLD";

Second way of string variable declaration

Syntax

char variableName[size];

example:
char str[size];

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){ 
 char str[50]="HELLO WORLD"; 
 clrscr(); 
  printf("string value is: %s",str); 
 getch(); 
}

See Output

gets()

gets() is a predefined function. It is used to read string value from user.

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main(){
 char str[50];
 clrscr();
  printf("What is c? => ");
  gets(str);
  printf("\nAnswer: %s",str);
 getch();
}

See Output

puts()

puts() function is predefined function. It is used to print value of string.

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){ 
 char str[50];
 clrscr();
  puts("What is c? => ");
  gets(str);
  puts(str);
 getch();
}

See Output

strlen()

It is predefined function. It returns length of string.

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){ 
 char str[50];
 int length;
 clrscr();
  printf("write some thing:-");
  gets(str);
  length = strlen(str);
  printf("\nlength of string: %d",length);
 getch();
}

See Output

strcpy()

It is a predefined function.

It is used to copy from source variable and paste in destination variable.

Syntax

strcpy(destination, source);

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){ 
 char str1[50]; 
 char str2[50]; 
 clrscr(); 
  printf("write some thing:-"); 
  gets(str1); 
  strcpy(str2,str1); 
  puts(str2); 
 getch(); 
}

See Output

strcat()

It is used to concatenate strings.

Syntax

strcat(string_1,string_2);

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){
 char str1[50];
 char str2[50];
 clrscr();
  printf("Enter first string:-");
  gets(str1);
  printf("\nEnter second string:-");
  gets(str2);
  strcat(str1,str2);
  puts(str1);
 getch();
}

See Output

strcmp()

It is a predefined function. It check two string is equal or not. If both strings are equal then it returns 0.

Syntax

strcmp(string_1,string_2);

Program

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main(){
 char str1[50];
 char str2[50];
 int con;
 clrscr();
  printf("Eenter first string:-");
  gets(str1);
  printf("\nEenter second string:-");
  gets(str2);
  con = strcmp(str1,str2);
  if(con==0){
  printf("\n both are equal.");
  }
  else{
  printf("\n both are equal.");
  }
 getch();
}

See Output

strrev()

It prints reverse of string.

Program

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main(){
 char str1[50];
 clrscr();
  printf("Eenter string:-");
  gets(str1);
  puts(strrev(str1));
 getch();
}

See Output

strlwr()

It converts uppercase string into lowercase.

Program

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <conio.h> 

void main(){ 
 char str1[50];
 clrscr();
  printf("Eenter string:-");
  gets(str1);
  puts(strlwr(str1));
 getch();
}

See Output

strupr()

It converts lowercase string into uppercase.

Program

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main(){
 char str1[50];
 clrscr();
  printf("Eenter string:-");
  gets(str1);
  puts(strupr(str1));
 getch();
}

See Output

String in C Programming

What is string?

String Without Size

String With Size

Print Every Character Of String

First way of string variable declaration

Second way of string variable declaration

gets()

puts()

strlen()

strcpy()

strcat()

strcmp()

strrev()

strlwr()

strupr()

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